Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mmcblk0p2 3778576 3054108 554612 85% / (mmcblk0p2 is SD card)
devtmpfs 253768 4 253764 1% /dev
none 50784 656 50128 2% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 253912 224 253688 1% /run/shm
/dev/mmcblk0p1 1004 472 532 48% /boot/uboot (mmcblk0p1 is SD card)
/dev/mmcblk1p1 71133 55238 15895 78% /media/BEAGLEBONE (mmcblk1p1 eMMC)
/dev/mmcblk1p2 1738184 1339028 309192 82% /media/Angstrom (eMMC)
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www# cat /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p2 / auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot/uboot auto defaults 0 0
/mnt/512M.swap none swap sw 0 0
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 507824 500892 6932 0 33792 189020
-/+ buffers/cache: 278080 229744
Swap: 524284 4288 519996
NOTE: it is confusing
/dev/mmcblk0p2 partition 2 of SD card for ubuntu kernel
/dev/mmcblk0p1 partition 1 of SD card for ubuntu uboot
/dev/mmcblk1p2 partition 2 of eMMC for Angstrom kernel
/dev/mmcbkl1p1 partition 1 of eMMC for Angstrom uboot
eMMC has 2 GB
SD card has 4 GB
This application seems easy but the problem is most of browsers do not allow to run as root. The default users is www-data. To login into linux as root won't solve the problem because the browser is still runnung as www-data user, unless recompile the web server after modification. I am using Lighttpd. Using this script to test and I see it is different when running at shell and browser.
whoiam.php
<?php
echo exec('whoami');
echo "\n";
?>
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www# php whoami.php
root
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www#
I am running as root since I login as root or sudo su (root).
But when running whoami.php in the browsers it returns as normal user and not root
http://localhost/xampp/www/beaglebone/whoami.php
www-data or my username but it never returns as root.
In order to do that following this link to download the source code of Lighttpd and recompile with modifying these 2 two lines which prevent the web server to run as root. It is not good but at least for testing purpose inside the private LAN.
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www# sudo service lighttpd restart
* Stopping web server lighttpd [ OK ]
* Starting web server lighttpd 2013-11-21 13:52:28: (plugin.c.131) Cannot load plugin mod_fastcgi more than once, please fix your config (we may not accept such configs in future releases
2013-11-21 13:52:28: (server.c.762) I will set uid to 0 because you are God
2013-11-21 13:52:28: (server.c.775) I will set uid to 0 because you are God
[ OK ]
Now when running whoami.php in the browsers
http://localhost/xampp/www/beaglebone/whoami.php
root
root@ubuntu-armhf:/var/www#
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:a0:30:a9:28:05
inet addr:192.168.0.55 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::caa0:30ff:fea9:2805/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:23753 errors:0 dropped:4 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4405 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2443911 (2.4 MB) TX bytes:588773 (588.7 KB)
Interrupt:56
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:433 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:433 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:178275 (178.2 KB) TX bytes:178275 (178.2 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:d3:a3:a7:83:0c
inet addr:192.168.0.112 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::cad3:a3ff:fea7:830c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20486 errors:0 dropped:3 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:727 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2339512 (2.3 MB) TX bytes:107645 (107.6 KB)
This is my web server runs from the target and execute the php script called led.php. It is a web server the LED can be turned from tablet or any devices can run web browsers.
<?php
//echo exec('whoami');
shell_exec('/bin/echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr3/brightness');
echo "led off";
echo "\n";
?>
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr0$ cat /sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr3/brightness
1
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr0$ cat /sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr3/brightness
0
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/kernel$ sudo su
[sudo] password for ubuntu:
root@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/kernel# cd debug
root@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/kernel/debug# ls
asoc gpio mmc1 regmap ubi
atmel_mxt_ts hid musb-hdrc.0.auto regulator usb
bdi iio musb-hdrc.1.auto remoteproc wakeup_sources
bluetooth kprobes pinctrl sched_features
dri memblock pm_debug suspend_stats
f2fs mmc0 pwm tracing
root@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/kernel/debug# cat gpio
GPIOs 0-31, gpio:
GPIOs 32-63, gpio:
gpio-52 (eMMC_RSTn ) out lo
gpio-53 (beaglebone:green:usr) out lo
gpio-54 (beaglebone:green:usr) out lo
gpio-55 (beaglebone:green:usr) out lo
gpio-56 (beaglebone:green:usr) out hi (usr3) is on same as the website
gpio-59 (McASP Clock Enable P) out hi
Server IP is set to static it is easy because it will always has the same IP, in this case it is always 192.168.0.55
root@ubuntu-armhf:/sys/kernel/debug# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.55
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
That is local static IP address 192.168.0.55 and I am using port forward from ISP router and configuring it to connect to the internet. From anywhere in the world I can turn the light on/off. I tried and it works perfectly. Set up the web server port 192.168.0.55:80 port 80 mapping to ISP router IP: xx.xx.xx.xx:80. I have been thinking about doing something about it for a long time like you can turn the light of your home or look at the webcam at your home. You need to know layer 1, 2, 3, 4 and layer 7 of OSI layers in order to appreciate it. Layer 7 is web application and the bottom layers relating to hardware. Web is unlimited and I am using LAMP Linux Apache MySQL and PHP in the LAMP stack you can do anything you want. We don't need Java swing/awt or Qt/GTK/OpenGL for GUI. PHP/HTML/CSS/Javascript/Jquery are powerful enough to do anything that I want it and coding is a breeze and it shows.
Webcam server
I am using Logitech C270 using mpeg-streamer or motion this is no need to compile just installed, they are both from Raspberry Pi, I tested only with mpeg-streamer on Beaglebone. I set up the web pages to turn the led on/off and see webcam as the same time.
mpeg-streamer using default port 8080 and motion using default port 8081.
Port forward
Need to setup the local IP address to the internet IP address in order to access from any places
| Device | Allowed applications | Application type | Protocol | Port number(s) | Public IP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Static IP:192.168.xx.yy | Web Server | - | TCP | 80 | aa.bb.cc.dd |
| Webcam | - | TCP | 8080 | aa.bb.cc.dd | |
The problem with my 2wire router provides by the ISP will change external IP address when it is power off or TCP session expired but I have seen its IP changes a few times without power off, probably cheaper for ISP to have a dynamic IP address instead of static IP for each router they provide for the customer, therefore to host web server will not work DNS server mapping the IP address of web hosting (web server) to a domain name that web hosting must always have the same IP address.
This is a diagram of the network. It is nice that it has Ethernet and USB, the whole project costs around 80 dollars (BSP Beaglebone $45+ $10 USB Hub + $10 Wifi Adapter + $9 Micro HDMI + shipping) , the rest like keyboard, webcam, mouse and monitor which I already have from the PC.
Ethernet has a static IP is connected my LAN router and wifi is connected to my Internet Service provider (ISP) router.
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:a0:30:a9:28:05
inet addr:192.168.1.55 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:496446 errors:0 dropped:823 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:587000 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:54020379 (54.0 MB) TX bytes:641817484 (641.8 MB)
Interrupt:56
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2879 (2.8 KB) TX bytes:2879 (2.8 KB)
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ ping 192.168.2.1
PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.619 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.707 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.888 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.756 ms
--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.619/0.742/0.888/0.101 ms
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.567 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.774 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.971 ms
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.567/0.770/0.971/0.168 ms
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ traceroute 192.168.2.1
traceroute to 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 dlinklocal (192.168.2.1) 0.642 ms 0.572 ms 0.393 ms
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ traceroute 192.168.1.1
traceroute to 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 dlink (192.168.1.1) 0.532 ms 0.281 ms 0.259 ms
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$ traceroute yahoo.com
traceroute to yahoo.com (206.190.36.45), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 dlink (192.168.1.1) 0.375 ms 0.153 ms 0.259 ms
2 10.125.58.129 (10.125.58.129) 7.098 ms 6.733 ms 6.594 ms
3 69.63.255.149 (69.63.255.149) 15.760 ms 15.559 ms 18.215 ms
4 gw01.etob.phub.net.cable.rogers.com (66.185.83.197) 16.296 ms 16.263 ms 16.159 ms
5 ae2_2140-bdr03-tor.teksavvy.com (69.196.136.131) 15.590 ms ae2_2110-bdr03-tor.teksavvy.com (69.196.136.41) 17.338 ms ae0_2110-bdr04-tor.teksavvy.com (69.196.136.36) 14.762 ms
6 xe-0-0-0_0-bdr01-nyc.teksavvy.com (206.248.155.98) 26.513 ms^C
ubuntu@ubuntu-armhf:~$
Before I can ping 192.168.1.1 from router2 but I cannot ping 192.168.2.1 from router1 because both routers are router access point with direction gateway from LAN to WAN via NAT.
#ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.2because Route2 is not going forward to 2.50 because it is getaway (access pointer router using NAT to forward from LAN to WAN only) need to set it up as router/switch in order to forward the packet to 2.50 (192.168.2.50)
Block diagram of 2 routers have dd-wrt firmware:
http://www.patrikdufresne.com/en/multiple-subnets-routing-with-dd-wrt/
Using winexe to launch and run windows in order to execute pop up notification on the windows desktop screen. In order to make it work we need 2 things: the program itself and security/
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/951016 (to open windows port)
and enable windows firewall as well for for 2 rules: ICMP and winexe to go through.
http://superuser.com/questions/342822/enable-ping-in-windows-7-firewall (ICMP ping go throught)
and rule for winexe go through.
Control Panel --> System and security --> Windows Firewall --> Advanced settings --> Inbound rules --> New rule --> custom rule
Add this line in the existing index.php on the web server.
Add this line in the existing index.php on the web server.
exec("echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr0/brightness"); // turn led on
exec("/home/ubuntu/Downloads/winexe-1.00/source4/bin/winexe -U tv% //192.168.2.50 'msg tv someone turns the LED0 off'"); //send a message
exec("/home/ubuntu/Downloads/winexe-1.00/source4/bin/winexe -U tv% //192.168.2.50 'msg tv someone turns the LED0 off'"); //send a message
